Mammary Defences and Immunity against Mastitis in Sheep

Mastitis, Mammary Gland Immunity, and Nutrition

Although intensive research and prevention measures have been carried out for decades to control bovine mastitis, it continues to cause the biggest economic impact to the dairy industry worldwide. Severe economic losses, which are estimated to be approximately $200/cow/yr in the United States, are due to reduced milk production, discarded milk, replacement costs, extra labor, treatment, and vet...

Comparison of living vaccines in producing immunity against natural brucella melitensis infection in sheep and goats in Iran

Attempts to induce immunity against mammary adenocarcinoma in inbred mice.

reviewed by Spencer (14), Woglum (18), and, more recently, by Hauschka (9). Most of the in vestigations were made with tumors transplanted either into random-bred rats or into strains of mice alien to the strain in which the neoplasm first occurred. In several instances, however, im munity was produced against tumors which arose in inbred strains of rats (10, 11) and mice (6, 12). In the experi...

Neutrophil extracellular traps in sheep mastitis

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are structures composed of DNA, histones, and antimicrobial proteins that are released extracellularly by neutrophils and other immune cells as a means for trapping and killing invading pathogens. Here, we describe NET formation in milk and in mammary alveoli of mastitic sheep, and provide a dataset of proteins found in association to these structures. Nucl...

Plant Defences Against Herbivore and Insect Attack

The story of Adam and Eve links eating a forbidden fruit with death in the cycle of human existence (Genesis 3:1– 24). Indeed, to avoid poisoning, herbivores and omnivores such as humans must be cautious in choosing which plants and plant parts to eat. A prevailing hypothesis is that the nearly ubiquitous antiherbivore metabolites in plants were selected by coevolution with herbivores. Likewise...